Which philosopher's works are specifically criticized by Socrates in the context of poetry?

Socrates criticizes the works of Homer within the context of poetry, particularly in dialogues such as Plato's "Republic." In these discussions, Socrates challenges the moral and philosophical implications of the stories told in Homeric epics. He argues that these works often portray the gods and heroes engaging in morally ambiguous actions, which could lead to negative influences on the moral education of the youth.

Socrates emphasizes the importance of truth and moral integrity in education and art, suggesting that poets like Homer might foster vices rather than virtues in society. This criticism is rooted in his concern for the ethical ramifications of storytelling, as he believes that literature should aspire to promote virtue rather than depict flawed character behaviors.

The other figures listed, such as Aristotle and Plato, also engage with poetic works, but in different contexts. Aristotle, for instance, discusses poetry's role in catharsis and tragedy but does not critique Homer in the same manner as Socrates does. Plato’s critiques, while they align with Socratic thought, focus on the nature of forms and the role of the philosopher as opposed to the poet, rather than direct criticisms of poetry itself. Thus, focusing on Homer provides a clearer scope of Socratic critique in the realm of poetry.