Arizona State University (ASU) PHI101 Introduction to Philosophy Practice Exam

Aristotle's view of ethics is fundamentally centered on the cultivation of virtue and the importance of character, which he believes is developed through practice and habituation. He introduces the concept of the "Golden Mean," which suggests that moral virtue lies between extremes and is aimed at achieving eudaimonia, or human flourishing. This approach is deeply rooted in the idea that ethics is about being a good person and living a life of virtue.

In contrast, Kant’s ethical framework is deontological, meaning it emphasizes the inherent duties and moral laws that govern actions rather than focusing on the outcomes or character. Kant believes that moral actions are based on principles that can be universally applied, often articulated through the Categorical Imperative, which dictates that we should act only according to maxims that could be universally acceptable. This perspective highlights the importance of duty and adherence to moral rules rather than the development of character traits.

As a result, the correct answer captures the essence of both philosophers' ethical theories: Aristotle's emphasis is on virtue and the balance of character traits, whereas Kant's focus lies in the obligation to follow moral laws and duties, regardless of the consequences. This distinction forms the foundation of their differing approaches to ethics.