What type of training does Socrates believe is essential for citizens in his ideal State?

In Socrates' vision of an ideal State, he emphasizes the importance of mental training through philosophy. This type of training is essential because it encourages citizens to pursue wisdom, develop critical thinking skills, and cultivate virtues necessary for good governance and ethical behavior. Socrates argues that a well-rounded education that includes philosophical inquiry equips individuals to make informed decisions, engage in civic life thoughtfully, and ultimately contribute to the greater good of society.

While physical training does play a role, particularly in preparing citizens for defense and promoting health, it is not regarded by Socrates as the most essential form of training in the way philosophical understanding is. Philosophy fosters the intellectual and moral development that Socrates considers foundational for responsible citizenship and leadership in his ideal State. This prioritization of mental training reflects Socratic beliefs that true knowledge and virtue are what enable individuals to create a just and harmonious society.