What does Socrates argue should not exist in the perfect State?

Socrates, particularly through the dialogues of Plato, argues that a perfect state should reflect the principles of justice and virtue. In this context, he believes that poets, such as Homer, should not exist in the ideal society because their works often depict emotions, passions, and moral ambiguity that can mislead individuals away from reasoned thought and virtue.

Socrates holds that poetry often appeals to the emotions rather than to rationality and can promote undesirable values or distorted representations of reality. He posits that the ideal state should cultivate wisdom and a commitment to the good, and as such, anything that distracts from critical thinking or leads the citizens away from the truth is counterproductive. The role of poetry, in his view, is not aligned with the rational, philosophical grounding that should guide a perfect state.

This perspective directly contrasts with the roles of philosophers, merchants, and soldiers, who are viewed as contributing positively to the social order and the cultivation of virtue. Philosophers are essential for wisdom and guidance, merchants can contribute to the economy, and soldiers are necessary for the state's defense. The rejection of poets highlights Socrates's emphasis on a rational, harmonious society in which only the best and most virtuous influences are allowed to thrive.